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Evaluate HAA removal in biologically active carbon filters using the ICR database

Hsin-hsin TUNG, Yuefeng F. XIE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 489-496 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0312-8

摘要： The effects of biologically active carbon (BAC) filtration on haloacetic acid (HAA) levels in plant effluents and distribution systems were investigated using the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Information Collection Rule (ICR) database. The results showed that average HAA5 concentrations in all locations were 20.4 μg·L and 29.6 μg·L in ICR plants with granular activated carbon (GAC) and ICR plants without GAC process, respectively. For plants without GAC, the highest HAA levels were observed in the quarters of April to June and July to September. However, for plants with GAC, the highest HAA levels were observed in the quarters of April to June and January to March. This HAA level profile inversely correlated well with water temperature, or biologic activity. For GAC plants, simulated distribution samples matched well with distribution system equivalent samples for Cl AA and THMs. For plants with and without GAC, simulated distribution samples overestimated readily biodegradable HAAs in distribution systems. The study indicated that through HAA biodegradation, GAC process plays an important role in lowering HAA levels in finished drinking water.

关键词： biologically active carbon (BAC)     disinfection byproduct (DBP)     granular activated carbon (GAC)     haloacetic acid (HAA)     Information Collection Rule (ICR)    

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Influence of pore structure on biologically activated carbon performance and biofilm microbial characteristics

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1419-1

摘要：

• Pore structure affects biologically activated carbon performance.

关键词： Granular activated carbon     Biologically activated carbon filter     Bacterial community structure     Pore structure    

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Development of pretreatment protocol for DNA extraction from biofilm attached to biologic activated carbon(BAC) granules

Shuting ZHANG, Bo WEI, Xin YU, Bing LIU, Zhuoying WU, Li GU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 459-465 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0249-3

摘要： The biologic activated carbon (BAC) process is widely used in drinking water treatments. A comprehensive molecular analysis of the microbial community structure provides very helpful data to improve the reactor performance. However, the bottleneck of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction from BAC attached biofilm has to be solved since the conventional procedure was unsuccessful due to firm biomass attachment and adsorption capacity of the BAC granules. In this study, five pretreatments were compared, and adding skim milk followed by ultrasonic vibration was proven to be the optimal choice. This protocol was further tested using the vertical BAC samples from the full-scale biofilter of Pinghu Water Plant. The results showed the DNA yielded a range of 40 μg·g BAC (dry weight) to over 100 μg·g BAC (dry weight), which were consistent with the biomass distribution. All results suggested that the final protocol could produce qualified genomic DNA as a template from the BAC filter for downstream molecular biology researches.

关键词： bacterial DNA extraction     biological activated carbon (BAC)     biofilm     water treatment     pretreatment protocol    

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Insights into carbon-based materials for catalytic dehydrogenation of low-carbon alkanes and ethylbenzene

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第11期   页码 1623-1648 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2328-6

摘要： Direct dehydrogenation with high selectivity and oxidative dehydrogenation with low thermal limit has been regarded as promising methods to solve the increasing demands of light olefins and styrene. Metal-based catalysts have shown remarkable performance for these reactions, such as Pt, CrOx, Co, ZrOx, Zn and V. Compared with metal-based catalysts, carbon materials with stable structure, rich pore texture and large surface area, are ideal platforms as the catalysts and the supports for dehydrogenation reactions. In this review, carbon materials applied in direct dehydrogenation and oxidative dehydrogenation reactions including ordered mesoporous carbon, carbon nanodiamond, carbon nanotubes, graphene and activated carbon, are summarized. A general introduction to the dehydrogenation mechanism and active sites of carbon catalysts is briefly presented to provide a deep understanding of the carbon-based materials used in dehydrogenation reactions. The unique structure of each carbon material is presented, and the diversified synthesis methods of carbon catalysts are clarified. The approaches for promoting the catalytic activity of carbon catalysts are elaborated with respect to preparation method optimization, suitable structure design and heteroatom doping. The regeneration mechanism of carbon-based catalysts is discussed for providing guidance on catalytic performance enhancement. In addition, carbon materials as the support of metal-based catalysts contribute to exploiting the excellent catalytic performance of catalysts due to superior structural characteristics. In the end, the challenges in current research and strategies for future improvements are proposed.

关键词： carbon materials     dehydrogenation     active sites     mechanism     catalytic performance     support    

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Effect of loading rate on shear strength parameters of mechanically and biologically treated waste

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1595-7

摘要：

● Mechanical behavior of MBT waste affected by loading rate was investigated.

关键词： Mechanically and biologically treated waste     Landfill     Triaxial test     Loading rate     Axial strain     Shear strength parameter    

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A Cu-modified active carbon fiber significantly promoted HS and PH simultaneous removal at a low reaction

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1425-3

摘要：

• Cu0.15-ACF performs the best for H2S and PH3 simultaneous removal.

关键词： ACF     H2S     PH3     Cu     Low temperature     Simultaneous removal    

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3D Network nanostructured NiCoP nanosheets supported on N-doped carbon coated Ni foam as a highly active

Miaomiao Tong, Lei Wang, Peng Yu, Xu Liu, Honggang Fu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 417-424 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1711-1

摘要：

A highly active bi-functional electrocatalyst towards both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions is critical for the water splitting. Herein, a self-supported electrode composed of 3D network nanostructured NiCoP nanosheets grown on N-doped carbon coated Ni foam (NiCoP/NF@NC) has been synthesized by a hydrothermal route and a subsequent phosphorization process. As a bifunctional electrocatalyst, the NiCoP/NF@NC electrode needs overpotentials of 31.8 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction and 308.2 mV for oxygen evolution reaction to achieve the current density of 10 mA·cm−2 in 1 mol·L−1 KOH electrolyte. This is much better than the corresponding monometal catalysts of CoP/NF@NC and NiP/NF@NC owing to the synergistic effect. NiCoP/NF@NC also exhibits low Tafel slope, and excellent long-term stability, which are comparable to the commercial noble catalysts of Pt/C and RuO2.

关键词： bimetallic phosphides     N-doped carbon     self-support     hydrogen evolution     oxygen evolution    

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High-gravity intensified iron-carbon micro-electrolysis for degradation of dinitrotoluene

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1595-1605 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2204-9

摘要： The application of iron–carbon (Fe–C) micro-electrolysis to wastewater treatment is limited by the passivation potential of the Fe–C packing. In order to address this problem, high-gravity intensified Fe–C micro-electrolysis was proposed in this study for degradation of dinitrotoluene wastewater in a rotating packed bed (RPB) using commercial Fe–C particles as the packing. The effects of reaction time, high-gravity factor, liquid flow rate and initial solution pH were investigated. The degradation intermediates were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the possible degradation pathways of nitro compounds by Fe–C micro-electrolysis in RPB were also proposed. It is found that under optimal conditions, the removal rate of nitro compounds reaches 68.4% at 100 min. The removal rate is maintained at approximately 68% after 4 cycles in RPB, but it is decreased substantially from 57.9% to 36.8% in a stirred tank reactor. This is because RPB can increase the specific surface area and the renewal of the liquid–solid interface, and as a result the degradation efficiency of Fe–C micro-electrolysis is improved and the active sites on the Fe–C surface can be regenerated for continuous use. In conclusion, high-gravity intensified Fe–C micro-electrolysis can weaken the passivation of Fe–C particles and extend their service life.

关键词： high-gravity technology     rotating packed bed     Fe–C micro-electrolysis     dinitrotoluene wastewater     active sites    

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情境感知智能产品的生物启发式设计 Article

Ang Liu, Ivan Teo, 陈点滴, Stephen Lu, Thorsten Wuest, 张执南, 陶飞

《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第4期   页码 637-645 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.06.005

摘要：

信息通信技术（ICT）和网络物理系统（CPS）的快速发展，为智能产品的日益普及铺平了道路。情境感知是衡量产品智能的一个重要角度。与人工制品不同，各种生物系统具有非凡的情境感知能力。生物启发式设计（BID）是最常用的设计策略之一。然而，迄今为止，很少有研究检查过情境感知智能产品的生物启发式设计。本文提出了一个结构化设计框架，用以支持情境感知智能产品的生物启发式设计。本文从产品设计的角度定义了情境感知的概念。该框架以功能-行为-结构理论（the situated function-behavior-structure ontology）为基础开发而成。本文规定了结构化设计过程，借助各种生物启发，支持不同的概念设计活动，如问题形成、结构重构、行为重构和功能重构。一些现有的设计方法和新兴的设计工具被纳入框架。本文提出了一个案例研究，展示了如何利用该框架重新设计机器人吸尘器，使其更具有情境感知能力。

关键词： 设计方法     生物启发式设计     情境感知     智能设计    

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Influence of Fe on electrocatalytic activity of iron-nitrogen-doped carbon materials toward oxygen reduction

Lin LI, Cehuang FU, Shuiyun SHEN, Fangling JIANG, Guanghua WEI, Junliang ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 812-821 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0669-0

摘要： The development of highly active nitrogen-doped carbon-based transition metal (M-N-C) compounds for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) greatly helps reduce fuel cell cost, thus rapidly promoting their commercial applications. Among different M-N-C electrocatalysts, the series of Fe-N-C materials are highly favored because of their high ORR activity. However, there remains a debate on the effect of Fe, and rare investigations focus on the influence of Fe addition in the second heat treatment usually performed after acid leaching in the catalyst synthesis. It is thus very critical to explore the influences of Fe on the ORR electrocatalytic activity, which will, in turn, guide the design of Fe-N-C materials with enhanced performance. Herein, a series of Fe-N-C electrocatalysts are synthesize and the influence of Fe on the ORR activity are speculated both experimentally and theoretically. It is deduced that the active site lies in the structure of Fe-N , accompanied with the addition of appropriate Fe, and the number of active sites increases without the occurrence of agglomeration particles. Moreover, it is speculated that Fe plays an important role in stabilizing N as well as constituting active sites in the second pyrolyzing process.

关键词： oxygen reduction reaction     Fe-N-C     active sites     Fe addition     second heat treatment    

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advanced engineering measures on displacement and stress field of surrounding rock in tunnels crossing active

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0966-x

摘要： Based on significant improvements in engineering materials, three advanced engineering measures have been proposed—super anchor cables, high-strength concrete anti-fault caverns, and grouting modification using high-strength concrete-to resist fault dislocation in the surrounding rock near tunnels crossing active strike-slip faults. Moreover, single- or multiple-joint advanced engineering measures form the local rock mass-anti-fault (LRAF) method. A numerical method was used to investigate the influence of LRAF methods on the stress and displacement fields of the surrounding rock, and the anti-fault effect was evaluated. Finally, the mechanism of action of the anchor cable was verified using a three-dimensional numerical model. The numerical results indicated that the anchor cable and grouting modification reduced the displacement gradient of the local surrounding rock near the tunnels crossing fault. Furthermore, anchor cable and grouting modifications changed the stress field of the rock mass in the modified area. The tensile stress field of the rock mass in the modified anchor cable area was converted into a compressive stress field. The stress field in the modified grouting area changed from shear stress in the fault slip direction to tensile stress in the axial tunnel direction. The anti-fault cavern resisted the dislocation displacement and reduced the maximum dislocation magnitude, displacement gradient, and shear stress. Among the three advanced engineering measures, the anchor cable was the core of the three advanced engineering measures. An anchor cable, combined with other LRAF measures, can form an artificial safety island at the cross-fault position of the rock mass to protect the tunnel. The research results provide a new supporting idea for the surrounding rock of tunnels crossing active strike-slip faults.

关键词： anti-fault effect     engineering measures     LRAF method     stress and displacement field     tunnel-crossing active faults    

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Solid-state NMR for metal-containing zeolites: From active sites to reaction mechanism

Xingling Zhao, Jun Xu, Feng Deng

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 159-187 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1885-1

摘要： Metal-containing zeolite catalysts have found a wide range of applications in heterogeneous catalysis. To understand the nature of metal active sites and the reaction mechanism over such catalysts is of great importance for the establishment of structure-activity relationship. The advanced solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy is robust in the study of zeolites and zeolite-catalyzed reactions. In this review, we summarize recent developments and applications of SSNMR for exploring the structure and property of active sites in metal-containing zeolites. Moreover, detailed information on host-guest interactions in the relevant zeolite catalysis obtained by SSNMR is also discussed. Finally, we highlight the mechanistic understanding of catalytic reactions on metal-containing zeolites based on the observation of key surface species and active intermediates.

关键词： metal-containing zeolites     solid-state NMR     active site     host-guest interaction     reaction mechanism    

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Advances in Active Suspension Systems for Road Vehicles

Min Yu,Simos Evangelou,Daniele Dini,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.06.014

摘要： Active suspension systems (ASSs) have been proposed and developed for a few decades, and have now once again become a thriving topic in both academia and industry, due to the high demand for driving comfort and safety and the compatibility of ASSs with vehicle electrification and autonomy. Existing review papers on ASSs mainly cover dynamics modeling and robust control; however, the gap between academic research outcomes and industrial application requirements has not yet been bridged, hindering most ASS research knowledge from being transferred to vehicle companies. This paper comprehensively reviews advances in ASSs for road vehicles, with a focus on hardware structures and control strategies. In particular, state-of-the-art ASSs that have been recently adopted in production cars are discussed in detail, including the representative solutions of Mercedes active body control (ABC) and Audi predictive active suspension; novel concepts that could become alternative candidates are also introduced, including series active variable geometry suspension, and the active wheel-alignment system. ASSs with compact structure, small mass increment, low power consumption, high-frequency response, acceptable economic costs, and high reliability are more likely to be adopted by car manufacturers. In terms of control strategies, the development of future ASSs aims not only to stabilize the chassis attitude and attenuate the chassis vibration, but also to enable ASSs to cooperate with other modules (e.g., steering and braking) and sensors (e.g., cameras) within a car, and even with high-level decision-making (e.g., reference driving speed) in the overall transportation system—strategies that will be compatible with the rapidly developing electric and autonomous vehicles.

关键词： Active suspension     Vehicle dynamics     Robust control     Ride comfort     Chassis attitude    

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Biologically inspired model of path integration based on head direction cells and grid cells

Yang ZHOU,De-wei WU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第17卷 第5期   页码 435-448 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500364

摘要： Some neurons in the brain of freely moving rodents show special firing pattern. The firing of head direction cells (HDCs) and grid cells (GCs) is related to the moving direction and distance, respectively. Thus, it is considered that these cells play an important role in the rodents’ path integration. To provide a bionic approach for the vehicle to achieve path integration, we present a biologically inspired model of path integration based on the firing characteristics of HDCs and GCs. The detailed implementation process of this model is discussed. Besides, the proposed model is realized by simulation, and the path integration performance is analyzed under different conditions. Simulations validate that the proposed model is effective and stable.

关键词： Head direction cells (HDCs)     Grid cells (GCs)     Path integration     Bionic navigation    

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An antibiotic composite electrode for improving the sensitivity of electrochemically active biofilm biosensor

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1518-7

摘要：

• Antibiotic azithromycin employed in graphite electrode for EAB biosensor.

关键词： AZM@GP composite electrode     EAB-biosensor     Water quality early-warning    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Evaluate HAA removal in biologically active carbon filters using the ICR database

Hsin-hsin TUNG, Yuefeng F. XIE

期刊论文

Influence of pore structure on biologically activated carbon performance and biofilm microbial characteristics

期刊论文

Development of pretreatment protocol for DNA extraction from biofilm attached to biologic activated carbon(BAC) granules

Shuting ZHANG, Bo WEI, Xin YU, Bing LIU, Zhuoying WU, Li GU

期刊论文

Insights into carbon-based materials for catalytic dehydrogenation of low-carbon alkanes and ethylbenzene

期刊论文

Effect of loading rate on shear strength parameters of mechanically and biologically treated waste

期刊论文

A Cu-modified active carbon fiber significantly promoted HS and PH simultaneous removal at a low reaction

期刊论文

3D Network nanostructured NiCoP nanosheets supported on N-doped carbon coated Ni foam as a highly active

Miaomiao Tong, Lei Wang, Peng Yu, Xu Liu, Honggang Fu

期刊论文

High-gravity intensified iron-carbon micro-electrolysis for degradation of dinitrotoluene

期刊论文

情境感知智能产品的生物启发式设计

Ang Liu, Ivan Teo, 陈点滴, Stephen Lu, Thorsten Wuest, 张执南, 陶飞

期刊论文

Influence of Fe on electrocatalytic activity of iron-nitrogen-doped carbon materials toward oxygen reduction

Lin LI, Cehuang FU, Shuiyun SHEN, Fangling JIANG, Guanghua WEI, Junliang ZHANG

期刊论文

advanced engineering measures on displacement and stress field of surrounding rock in tunnels crossing active

期刊论文

Solid-state NMR for metal-containing zeolites: From active sites to reaction mechanism

Xingling Zhao, Jun Xu, Feng Deng

期刊论文

Advances in Active Suspension Systems for Road Vehicles

Min Yu,Simos Evangelou,Daniele Dini,

期刊论文

Biologically inspired model of path integration based on head direction cells and grid cells

Yang ZHOU,De-wei WU

期刊论文

An antibiotic composite electrode for improving the sensitivity of electrochemically active biofilm biosensor

期刊论文